Shoulder Instability

Shoulder instability causes

• Shoulder instability is often the result of injury or repetitive motion. It can also be caused by:
• Trauma, like a fall or direct impact
• Repetitive overhead movements, especially in sports like swimming
• Loose ligaments from genetics or a previous injury
• Shoulder dislocation that damages surrounding tissues

Shoulder instability risk factors

• Playing contact or overhead sports like football, swimming and baseball
• A history of shoulder dislocation or injury
• Naturally loose joints or hypermobility disorders
• Being younger and physically active, especially in teens and young adults

Shoulder instability symptoms

• Your shoulder feels like it may slip out or has slipped out
• Recurring dislocations or partial dislocations (subluxations)
• Pain during activity or certain arm positions
• Weakness or limited shoulder function

Shoulder instability diagnosis

• Review your past injuries and symptoms
• Do a physical test for joint stability and mobility
• Order X-rays to look for bone changes or dislocations
• Order an MRI or CT scan to assess soft tissue and ligament damage

Shoulder instability treatment

• Rest, ice and anti-inflammatory medications
• Strengthening exercises guided by a physical therapist
• Activity modification to prevent more damage
• Bracing or taping to limit motion
• Surgery, if the injury is severe or happens over and over

When to seek care

• The shoulder dislocates or feels unstable repeatedly
• There is ongoing pain, weakness, or limited range of motion
• A traumatic injury caused the shoulder to shift out of place
• Physical activity is limited by fear of dislocation