Key points about autologous chondrocyte implantation
- A two-stage surgical procedure used to repair damaged cartilage, usually in the knee.
- Involves harvesting and culturing a patient’s own cartilage cells for re-implantation.
- Ideal for active individuals with localized cartilage damage and no widespread arthritis.
- Requires structured rehabilitation but offers potential for long-term joint function improvement.
- Especially effective for younger patients with isolated cartilage defects.
Overview of autologous chondrocyte implantation
Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is a surgical technique used to treat cartilage defects in joints, most commonly the knee. It involves removing a small amount of the patient’s healthy cartilage, growing those cells in a lab, and then implanting them into the damaged area. The goal is to regenerate healthy cartilage and restore normal joint function while reducing pain and delaying or preventing arthritis.
Candidates for autologous chondrocyte implantation
- Patients aged 18 to 55 with focal cartilage defects in the knee.
- Individuals with stable joints and proper alignment.
- Those experiencing knee pain, swelling, or limited mobility due to cartilage injury.
- Patients who have not responded to non-surgical treatments such as physical therapy.
- Individuals without advanced osteoarthritis or diffuse cartilage loss.
Preparation for autologous chondrocyte implantation
- An orthopedic consultation is necessary to review joint health, MRI scans, and medical history.
- Diagnostic arthroscopy may be performed to confirm cartilage damage and harvest cells.
- Lab cultivation of harvested chondrocytes typically takes 3–6 weeks.
- Patients should follow pre-surgical instructions, including medication adjustments and fasting.
- Arrangements should be made for assistance during post-surgery recovery, especially during the non-weight-bearing phase.
Recovery from autologous chondrocyte implantation
- A short hospital stay of 1–2 days following the implantation surgery.
- Use of crutches and avoidance of weight-bearing on the knee for 6–8 weeks.
- Ongoing physical therapy for 6–12 months, focusing on restoring strength and mobility.
- Gradual return to low-impact activities, with clearance for high-impact sports typically after 9–12 months.
- Periodic follow-up imaging and clinical evaluations to monitor healing and graft success.
Risks for autologous chondrocyte implantation
- Infection, bleeding, or stiffness following surgery.
- Overgrowth or uneven integration of implanted cartilage cells.
- Pain or swelling in the joint during recovery.
- Limited improvement if damage is more extensive than expected.
- Possibility of revision surgery if the initial graft fails or symptoms persist.