Key points about patellofemoral instability
- Occurs when the kneecap moves out of its natural groove
- Can cause pain, instability, or dislocation
- Common in younger, active individuals or those with anatomical risk factors
- Often treatable with rehabilitation and support
- Surgery may be an option in more severe or recurring cases
Common related conditions
Patellofemoral instability causes
- Direct trauma to the knee
- Shallow groove in the femur or maltracking patella
- Loose ligaments or connective tissue
- Imbalanced muscle strength around the knee
- Improper foot or leg alignment
Patellofemoral instability risk factors
- Previous dislocations or knee trauma
- Flat feet or knock-knees
- Weak quadriceps or hip muscles
- Adolescents during periods of rapid growth
- Family history of joint instability
Patellofemoral instability symptoms
- Pain at the front of the knee, especially during activity
- Sensation of kneecap slipping or shifting
- Swelling or tightness after dislocation
- Difficulty kneeling, jumping, or climbing stairs
- Clicking or locking sensations in the joint
Patellofemoral instability diagnosis
- Physical tests to assess knee movement and alignment
- Imaging such as X-rays or MRI to examine bone structure and soft tissues
- Review of personal and injury history
Patellofemoral instability treatment
- Strengthening exercises for thigh and hip muscles
- Use of knee braces or taping techniques
- Limiting high-impact activity during recovery
- Surgery for chronic or severe cases with poor alignment
When to seek care
- If pain is severe or persistent during movement
- If the kneecap feels unstable or dislocates repeatedly
- If swelling increases or walking becomes difficult
- If symptoms don’t improve with rest and rehabilitation
- If your knee “gives out” during daily activities