A barium enema is an x-ray used to find diseases in the large intestine. Also called a lower gastrointestinal exam, a barium enema is often used to diagnose problems in the colon or rectum. During the exam, the colon is filled with a barium-containing material to provide contrast. Because of the contrast, the intestine and colon can easily be seen on an x-ray. Based on conditions, you may need a single-contrast or air-contrast study, which vary slightly in process.
