Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Thoracic outlet syndrome causes

TOS is caused by pressure on nerves or blood vessels in the thoracic outlet space.

• Physical trauma like car accidents or falls
• Repetitive use of the arms in sports or work
• Poor posture that puts strain on the neck and shoulders
• Congenital issues like a cervical rib or tight muscles

Thoracic outlet syndrome risk factors

Some people have a higher chance of developing TOS.

• Athletes who use their arms often, like swimmers or baseball players
• Workers who lift or reach overhead often
• Poor posture during work or screen use
• Previous injuries to the shoulder or neck
• Being born with bone or muscle differences

Thoracic outlet syndrome symptoms

Symptoms may get worse when raising your arms or doing certain movements.

• Pain in the neck, shoulder or arm
• Tingling or numbness in the fingers
• Weakness or clumsiness in the hand
• Coldness or color changes in the arm or hand
• Feeling tired or heavy in one arm

Thoracic outlet syndrome diagnosis

Doctors use exams and imaging to check for compression in the thoracic outlet.

• Physical exam with movement and strength tests
• Nerve conduction studies
• Ultrasound, CT scan or MRI of the shoulder and chest
• X-ray to look for bone changes like a cervical rib

Thoracic outlet syndrome treatment

Treatment depends on the type and cause of TOS.

• Physical therapy to improve posture and muscle balance
• Pain relievers or anti-inflammatory medicine
• Changes to work or activity to reduce strain
• Surgery if symptoms don’t improve with therapy

When to seek care

See your doctor if you have:

• Ongoing arm pain or tingling
• Weakness or trouble using one arm
• Arm or hand that feels cold or changes color
• Pain that worsens when you lift your arm

Early treatment helps reduce pain and prevent long-term damage.