Key points about teratoma
- A teratoma is a tumor made of tissues like hair, bone or muscle
- It begins in special cells that can turn into many tissue types
- It can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous)
- Common in areas like the ovaries, testicles or tailbone
- Found in both children and adults
Teratoma causes
Teratomas form when germ cells grow abnormally. These cells are meant to become parts of the body during early development.
- Early cell development that goes off track
- Rapid or uncontrolled growth of germ cells
- Genetic conditions that affect cell behavior
Teratoma risk factors
Risk depends on age, genetics and where the tumor forms.
- Genetic disorders like Klinefelter syndrome
- Family history of germ cell tumors
- More common in newborns, teens and young adults
- Being born with ovaries or testicles
Teratoma symptoms
Symptoms vary based on the tumor's size and location.
- Swelling or a painless lump
- Pain in the abdomen, pelvis or chest
- Trouble with urination or bowel movements
- Never or fatigue if the tumor gets infected
- No signs at all in some cases
Teratoma diagnosis
Doctors use different tools to confirm the diagnosis and plan treatment.
- Ultrasound to spot the mass
- MRI or CT scan to see inside the body
- Blood tests to look for tumor markers
- Biopsy to confirm if it's benign or cancerous
Teratoma treatment
Treatment depends on whether the tumor is benign or malignant.
- Surgery to remove the teratoma
- Chemotherapy if the tumor is cancerous or spreading
- Monitoring small, harmless tumors over time
When to seek care
Talk to your doctor if you experience:
- A lump or swelling anywhere on your body
- Unusual or ongoing pain
- Problems going to the bathroom
- Fever, weakness or signs of infection