Key points about pneumomediastinum
- Pneumomediastinum happens when air gets trapped in the center of the chest
- It can be caused by injury, asthma attacks, or intense coughing or vomiting
- Common symptoms include chest pain, trouble breathing, and voice changes
- Most cases are mild and go away with rest and oxygen therapy
- More serious cases may need hospital care or surgery
Pneumomediastinum causes
Air may leak into the chest area due to:
- Chest trauma or injury
- Severe asthma attack
- Forceful vomiting or coughing
- Infections in the lungs or throat
- A tear in the food pipe (esophagus)
- Inhaling drugs or chemicals
Pneumomediastinum risk factors
You may be more at risk if you:
- Have asthma or lung conditions
- Have had recent chest injury or surgery
- Use inhaled drugs (like cocaine)
- Are on a breathing machine (ventilator)
- Do activities that raise pressure in the chest
Pneumomediastinum symptoms
Watch for signs such as:
- Sharp chest pain, especially in the center
- Shortness of breath
- A strange or crackly voice
- Swelling in the neck or upper chest
- A popping or crunching sound under the skin
Pneumomediastinum diagnosis
Doctors may use these tests:
- Chest X-ray or CT scan to look for air
- Blood tests to check oxygen levels
- Listening for unusual sounds in the chest
- Checking your medical history for possible causes
Pneumomediastinum treatment
Treatment depends on how serious the case is:
- Rest and oxygen therapy for mild cases
- Pain relief if needed
- Treating any underlying issues, like asthma or infection
- Avoiding physical strain while healing
- Surgery only if there’s serious damage or a tear in the airway or esophagus
When to seek care
Get medical help if you:
- Have sudden chest pain or trouble breathing
- Hear a crunching sound in your chest or neck
- Feel swelling or tightness in your chest
- Recently had a chest injury or serious asthma attack