Anorectal Cancer

Anorectal cancer causes

This cancer forms when cells in the anorectal area grow abnormally.

• Long-term infection with human papillomavirus (HPV)
• Changes in the cells lining the anus or rectum
• Ongoing irritation or inflammation in the anorectal area

Anorectal cancer risk factors

Some people have a higher chance of getting anorectal cancer.

• HPV infection
• Age over 50
• History of anal warts or STDs
• Weak immune system from illness or medication
• Smoking
• Poor hygiene in the anal area

Anorectal cancer symptoms

You might not feel symptoms at first. Over time, warning signs can include:

• Rectal bleeding
• Pain or pressure during bowel movements
• A sore, bump or growth near the anus
• Changes in stool shape or size
• Itching, leaking or trouble holding in stool

Anorectal cancer diagnosis

Doctors use several tests to find and confirm anorectal cancer.

• Digital rectal exam to feel for lumps
• Anoscopy or colonoscopy to look inside the rectum
• Biopsy to test tissue for cancer
• Imaging like CT or MRI to check if it has spread

Anorectal cancer treatment

Treatment depends on the type, size and spread of the cancer.

• Surgery to remove the cancer
• Radiation therapy to target cancer cells
• Chemotherapy to stop cancer growth
• Combined treatments for more advanced cases

When to seek care

See your doctor if you notice:

• Bleeding or pain during bowel movements
• A lump near the anus
• Lasting changes in how often or how easily you go to the bathroom
  
  Early diagnosis can help prevent serious problems.