Key points about adenoid cystic carcinoma
- ACC is a rare cancer that starts in the salivary glands or other secretory glands
- It grows slowly but can spread to nerves and other tissues
- Often found in the mouth, throat, or head and neck area
- Treatment usually involves surgery and radiation
- Long-term follow-up is important because it can return years later
Adenoid cystic carcinoma causes
The exact cause of ACC is unknown. It starts when cells change and grow in an uncontrolled way. Possible causes may include:
- Gene mutations
- Age-related cell changes
- Rarely, past exposure to radiation
Adenoid cystic carcinoma risk factors
You may be more likely to get ACC if you:
- Are between ages 40 and 60
- Have had radiation to the head or neck
- Have a personal history of tumors in the salivary glands
Adenoid cystic carcinoma symptoms
Signs of ACC vary depending on where it begins. Common symptoms include:
- A firm, painless lump in the mouth or neck
- Numbness or weakness in the face
- Trouble speaking, chewing, or swallowing
- Pain that follows a nerve pattern
- Voice changes or hoarseness
Adenoid cystic carcinoma diagnosis
To confirm ACC, doctors may use:
- Physical exam and symptom review
- Imaging tests like MRI, CT, or PET scans
- Biopsy to test a tissue sample
- Scans to check for cancer spread
Adenoid cystic carcinoma treatment
Treatment depends on the tumor’s location and how far it has spread:
- Surgery to remove the tumor is usually the first step
- Radiation therapy may be used after surgery
- Chemotherapy is sometimes used for advanced cases
- Lifelong monitoring is important since ACC can return years later
When to seek care
Talk to your doctor if you:
- Notice a lump in your mouth, neck, or jaw
- Have pain or numbness in your face
- Struggle with chewing, swallowing, or speaking
- Have had radiation in the past and notice unusual symptoms
- Want help understanding your cancer risk or need a second opinion