Bone density test. Uses special X-rays to measure the amount of bone mineral content packed into a given segment of bone.

Computed axial tomography (CAT/CT scan). Uses sophisticated X-ray technology to give three-dimensional, cross-sectional images of the area scanned.

Electromyography. Uses a needle electrode inserted into a muscle to assess the health of the muscle and the nerves controlling it.

Function capacity exam. Determines if a patient is medically able to meet the physical demands of a specific job.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Uses a magnetic field and radio waves to give a three-dimensional image of the area, showing any damage.

Arthroplasty. An operating procedure used to either replace the entire joint, or remodel its surface using some other tissue.

Arthroscopy. Use of a thin scope -- inserted into the joint with only a small incision – to visualize, diagnose and treat orthopaedic problems.

Foot and ankle surgery. Surgery designed to treat the broad range of conditions that can occur in the foot and ankle.

Hand and upper extremity surgery. Surgery to correct injuries and musculoskeletal disorders to the hand and arm.

Joint replacement. The surgical replacement of worn, damaged hips and knees using artificial joints.

Pain management. A comprehensive approach to providing relief from pain using physical therapy, counseling, biofeedback relaxation and/or acupuncture.

Pediatric orthopaedics. Specialized treatment of children with traumatic injuries and developmental conditions that affect the bones, joints and muscles.

Shoulder surgery. Arthroscopic surgery, laser surgery and total joint replacement surgery designed to treat rotator cuff tears, arthritis, fractures, bursitis, shoulder instability, and acute dislocations.

Spinal surgery. Surgery to treat chronic back pain and acute spinal disorders.

Trauma service. Immediate, emergency treatment of patients with orthopaedic injuries to the upper and lower extremities, pelvis, spine and major joints.

Unicompartmental replacement. Replacement of part of the damaged knee or hip, using minimally invasive surgical techniques.

Rehabilitation. A combination of services to aid in recovery after surgery, ranging from physical and occupational therapy to pain management and nutrition counseling.

Physical therapy. Treatment designed to increase strength and mobility and manage discomfort during healing. Includes exercises prior to surgery and during the hospital stay, instruction on using a walker or crutches, and an individualized home physical therapy program.

Home Care. RNs and LPNs who visit patients at home to ensure safety and comfort when they return after surgery. Other visiting specialists may include physical and occupational therapists, home health aides, social workers, and dieticians.

Home Assistance. Nursing assistants, homemakers and companions to help with activities such as dressing, bathing and cooking, even when skilled nursing care is not needed.